A literal is a fixed value in code, like 5, "Hello", or True. Python has several built-in data types:

• Integer (int): Whole numbers, e.g., 10, -3, 0.
• Float (float): Numbers with a decimal point, e.g., 3.14, -0.5, 2.0.
• String (str): Sequences of characters, enclosed in single (' ') or double (" ") quotes, e.g., "Python", 'world'.
• Boolean (bool): Represents truth values, either True or False (capitalized).